A guide to different types of coffee beans

Coffee lovers would agree that the bean drink is more than just a morning ritual—it’s a world of flavours, aromas, and unique characteristics shaped by the type of bean used.

If you’ve ever wondered why some coffees taste smooth and chocolatey while others have bright, fruity notes, the answer lies in the type of coffee bean.

In this guide, we’ll break down the four main types of coffee beans—Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa—and how they influence the coffee in your cup.

Arabica: The Most Popular Coffee Bean

Flavour Profile: Smooth, sweet, and slightly acidic

Best For: Espresso, lattes, and black coffee

Arabica beans make up about 60–70% of the world’s coffee production and are often considered the highest quality. They grow at higher altitudes, usually in countries like Brazil, Colombia, and Ethiopia, and require specific climate conditions to thrive.

Arabica coffee is known for its complex flavour, with notes that can range from fruity and floral to nutty and chocolatey. It also has a naturally lower caffeine content compared to other beans, making it a favorite for those who enjoy a smoother, less bitter coffee experience.

However, Arabica beans are delicate and more susceptible to disease, which is why they tend to be more expensive than other varieties.

Robusta: Strong and Bold

Flavour Profile:Earthy, bitter, and full-bodied

Best For: Instant coffee, espresso blends, and strong brews

Robusta coffee is the second most common type and is grown primarily in Africa, Vietnam, and Indonesia. These beans are much easier to cultivate than Arabica because they are resistant to pests and can grow in a wider range of climates.

If you enjoy strong, bold coffee with a caffeine kick, Robusta is your bean. It contains almost twice the caffeine of Arabica, giving it a distinct bitterness and a thicker crema in espresso. While some lower-quality Robusta can taste harsh, high-quality Robusta beans have a pleasant, deep flavour with hints of chocolate and nuttiness.

Liberica: The Rare and Fruity Bean

Flavour Profile: Smoky, floral, and fruity

Best For: Unique coffee blends and adventurous drinkers

Liberica beans are much less common than Arabica and Robusta, making up only a small percentage of global coffee production. They are mainly grown in Malaysia, the Philippines, and parts of West Africa.

What makes Liberica unique is its unusual flavour profile, which can be floral, woody, or even slightly smoky. The beans themselves are larger and more irregular in shape compared to Arabica or Robusta.

Because of its rarity, Liberica is often mixed with other beans to create interesting blends. If you’re a coffee lover who enjoys trying unique flavours, it’s worth seeking out a brew made with Liberica beans.

Excelsa: The Hidden Gem

Flavour Profile: Tart, fruity, and complex

Best For: Cold brews, specialty blends, and light roasts

Excelsa is technically a variety of the Liberica family, but it has a distinct taste that sets it apart. Primarily grown in Southeast Asia, this bean is valued for its bright acidity and fruity, almost wine-like flavours.

Unlike the strong bitterness of Robusta or the smoothness of Arabica, Excelsa coffee offers a balanced mix of tartness and depth, making it a favorite among coffee roasters who want to add complexity to their blends. It’s especially great for cold brews and light roast coffees that highlight its unique characteristics.

So, which coffee bean should you choose?

The best coffee bean for you depends on your personal taste preferences:

• If you love smooth, sweet coffee: Go for Arabica.

• If you need a strong caffeine boost: Choose Robusta.

• If you want something rare and exotic: Try Liberica.

• If you enjoy bright, complex flavors: Opt for Excelsa.

Each bean brings something special to the table, so don’t be afraid to experiment and find your favorite! Whether you’re brewing at home or visiting a specialty café, understanding coffee beans can elevate your experience and help you appreciate every sip.

Next time you drink a cup of coffee, take a moment to consider the beans behind the brew. Whether it’s a smooth Arabica espresso or a bold Robusta blend, the type of bean plays a huge role in shaping the taste and quality of your coffee.